Noel Hodson, 14
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CC Aharon Davidson, Ben-
LEP elctroweak working group CERN
A Christmas gift to physicists
searching for dark matter and Higg’s boson.
Adrian Cho’s article “Darker and
Darker” (NS 22/29 December 2001 page 10) revisits the mystery of dark matter,
thought by many to be required to glue the universe together. My view is that
Hubble expansion is the missing, mysterious dark force sought. If Aharon Davidson’s team at
Happy Christmas
Noel Hodson
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I note that Steinn Siggurdson says he
publicised his theory of planetary formation, a new dimension of space and a
huge increases in
If Hubble expansion
is the prime driver in the universe and if it acts at every scale, then every
zone or bubble or globe of space/time is expanding; by a percentage of each
globe’s surface, that gets larger every second – this is constant acceleration.
Einstein demonstrated that constant acceleration is indistinguishable from
gravity. Let’s assume that expansion is gravity and vice-versa. The basic stuff
or energy of the universe is light (the electro-magnetic spectrum). We have
dismissed the existence of the ether but wherever we choose to erect a
sensitive screen in the universe, light will be detected. It is an energy that
is everywhere at all times. It is the stuff of the universe. Imagine a zone or
globe that expands and attenuates the energy field, causing a vacuum. Light
rushes in to fill it. It expands again, light again rushes in to fill it. This
process and pulse is everywhere and it never ceases as the universe expands.
Randomly, light collides in these zones of expansion and in some instances
creates spin at the square of their impact speed (no friction exists to slow
them down). Such vortices are the first fractals of matter – and they are also
expanding constantly. This leads to the uncomfortable image that the Earth is
expanding, and that so are we. Imagine the zones are quantum defined at the
Big-Bang moment, and they are everywhere. Randomly, a zone will suck in a fractal
of matter; that in turn has compressed the equivalent of several zones and
acquired mass and inertia – all expanding. As such mass expands it has a
material surface that slows the tendency to refill the attenuated space and
allows a more powerful vacuum to form, it is a stronger attractor than open
space. Gravity has become apparent and that zone is actively attractive. Think
of it as an in-falling zone. It does not rely on random collisions to build its
mass and therefore the mass will build more rapidly. The “gravity radiation” or
gravitons that elude particle physicists are, in this theory, the in-falling of
any zone, that pulls or attracts energy and matter from its immediate
surroundings into the hole caused by expansion – in a field force effect, at a
constant rate, that Einstein tells us is indistinguishable from gravity. I
propose it is but a small mental leap to imagine that expansion is gravity –
and if so, this new perspective, this new dynamic tension throughout the
universe will answer some of the perplexing questions Sigurdsson
and many others are investigating.
This
Gravity-is-Expansion theory, I aver, is a lot more fun than Stienn
Siggurdson’s theory. It gets scary when the question
is put – “what happens if it all stops expanding?”
Noel Hodson
14
http://www.noelhodson.com/universe.htm
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Stuart Clark’s
article Chasing Shadows (NS2287 21s April 2001), updates reports on the
cosmologists’ search for CDM, WIMPS and dark galaxies. These phenomena may or
may not be found to exist. However, the fundamental factor for measuring the
universe and for making many of the calculations that trigger the searches for
missing “dark” matter is Hubble’s Constant for the
expansion of the universe. The application of Hubble’s
Constant necessarily creates a set of circular arguments, but it has
been widely accepted and is the basis for the Big Bang theory. The implications of expansion seem to be not
factored into the search for the alleged missing mass that, for example, holds
galaxies together. If scientists rely on the Big Bang theory they should also
accept expansion. The effects of expansion are, it seems, ignored. However
tenuous the, in practical terms, infinite fabric of the universe and its energy
fields may be, if the whole is constantly expanding then those elements must
also be expanding and must for a short, virtual moment of expansion become even
more tenuous. This attenuation must occur on every scale and in every zone or
sphere of the universe, however large or small. It may vary with mass and other
features and forces. Such attenuation would, logically, create an attractive,
binding force. The most reliable data about the rate of expansion (though again
a circular argument), is that the visible perimeter, circumference or horizon of
the visible universe accelerates away from us, the observers, at the speed of
light. As a percentage of the universe
it is a small effect – but then so is gravity. And if, as the Americans say, we
do the Mathĺ, it may be seen as a significant part of the
solution to missing matter. Perhaps not matter at all, but rather the absence
of it.
Noel Hodson
noelhodson@btconnect.com
www.noelhodson.com
14
ĺ We believe the radius (age) of the visible
universe to be about 12 billion light years, receding at 300,000 kilometres per
second. Adding 300,000 kilometres to the radius and calculating the change in
the circumference gives a factor of 2.642482665314E
–18 (0.00000000000000264% per second).
*****************************************************
GRAVITY
AND THE COX’S PIPPIN.
The article, Medium
Mass, by Marcus Chown 3rd Feb 2001, on
Mass, Inertia and Gravity, reviewing the work of Haisch,
Rueda, Wesson and Puthoff prompted me to contemplate my own
agreeable mass and inertia. On Earth I weigh 13.5 stone of perfectly formed,
but aging bone and muscle, leavened with a few ounces of brain cells. I daily
fight the heroic fight to remain vertical against the forces of gravity. To
stop the fight I would need to travel 250,000 miles from Earth where I could
bob about in space weighing just 0.5
Noel Hodson
14
http://www.noelhodson.com/universe.htm
***************************
The three articles
on black-holes in New Scientist 1st April 2000; by Marcus Chown, on atom sized black holes and by Nigel Henbest and by Stephen Battersby
on quasars, radio jets and galactic sized black holes tacitly assume that
black-holes are collapsed very large objects, compressed by gravity – a force
that, as Newton’s apple demonstrated, is self-evident but, as the continuing
search for gravitons and CDM illustrate, is not yet understood. The observed
and theoretical characteristics of black-holes, particularly the emission of
immensely energetic radio jets, might better fit with Hubbard’s expanding
universe than with the concept of matter crushing itself into the total annihilation
of a singularity and quitting the universe.
Einstein
demonstrated in his constantly accelerating windowless elevator thought
experiment that gravity and constant acceleration are indistinguishable from
each other. If Hubble expansion is to be incorporated into universal theories
then every zone (e.g. sphere), at every scale, sub-atomic through galactic to
universal, must logically be expanding at a constant (or variable) rate of
acceleration. Einstein tells us that we would not know whether our experience of weight were due to gravity or expansion – if
we were to stand on the surface of a sphere in Hubble’s ever expanding
universe. We must ask ourselves just what is expanding in Hubble’s universe –
just what is the fabric of the universe that stretches and grows infinitely;
and what local effect does such expansion have on attenuating energy and
matter.
The existence of
galactic and atomic black holes implies that black holes may exist at any scale
in any part of the universe. If, as Fred Hoyle postulated many years ago
(before recanting), the universe is being constantly created at all points and
if, as Einstein demonstrated, we cannot distinguish between expansion
(acceleration) and gravity and if Hubble’s interpretation of red-shift being
evidence for universal expansion is correct, the ubiquitous black holes could
be caused by expansion – and they could be spawning not destroying matter.
Thought
of as vacuums created by the attenuation of the stuff of the universe as it
expands, black holes would exhibit exactly the same behaviour and
characteristics as collapsed gravitational objects. The power of expansion would attenuate the
universal fabric and nature, abhorring a vacuum would rush to fill the void –
with energy and matter. As the void of a black hole was filled, bearing in mind
that the zone is constantly expanding, a pulse would occur of expansion, void,
fill, expansion. The in-rushing or in-falling energy and matter would collide, become plasma due the impact and recoil. It may be
postulated that the collisions of energy in these zones created and still
create primary particles.
Thus paradoxically,
zones of Hubble expansion would attract matter and energy as the zones push out
their boundaries. This expansive, attractive force would in all ways be
indistinguishable from gravity. CDM would be explained by the existence of
innumerable, invisible black holes. Black holes rather than being The Great
Annihilators of Nigel Henbest’s article,
would in fact be the fundamental unifying force and the creators of the
universe.
Noel Hodson
14