TOE Theory of
Everything, TOE, Dark Matter, Dark Energy, Instantons, QED, Quarks, Universal
Fractals, Universal Theory, Universe, an alternative to String Theory, Hubble
Expansion, Gravity, Fundamental Forces, Not String Theory, spinning straw into
gold, matter from energy, forming surfaces, double-slit experiment, prime
matter, prime numbers, QED,
New Model of the
Universe – V7 – copyright – Noel Hodson,
13-Apr-08 Updated
13-Apr-08
TOE
Theory of Everything
TOE
EIG Expansion is Gravity
Email: noel@noelhodson.com
CLICK for TOE Archives, articles and
work notes
TOE
Theory of Everything
TOE
EIG Expansion is Gravity
Noel Hodson - 23-Sep-05
Home Page - http://www.noelhodson.com
CONTENTS
Is this the EUREKA moment? 28 March 2008.
Expansion is Gravity - 2007 – the EIG model:
Frank Close, The Void & that pesky Aether –
18 January 2008
Particles or Waves – 24 March 2007
(An unpublished) Letter to New Scientist –
“Inflation” 1 March 2007
Dark Energy – Cosmological Constant –
Quintessence – 15th February 07
Reconciliation – mathematical task – 25th
September 06
Aether or Ether or neither – 12th
September 06
Bubbles & Black Holes – 24th July
06
Making dark matter – 15th July 06
Water is the most likely laboratory to test EIG -
10th April 06
Descriptive Essay on EIG – how it might work
Gravitational Repulsion at Long Range – Stephen
Battersby NS 24th Sept 05
7 DEC 05
– A diversion into Intelligent Design & Is the LIFE FORCE the 5th
fundamental energy?
Instanton – reproduced from New Scientist 6
August 2005.
The holographic universe – thoughts on the Aether.
Memo on March 05 Scientific American article,
Misconceptions about the Big Bang. - 17 March 05
Memo on the double-slit experiment – 15 March 05
Memo on Matter and Anti-Matter – 25th
November 04
Note on the Music of the Primes – 27 October 04
MAP, COBE
and Some Astronomical EIG Numbers
Six foot
man expands infinitely – says MAP and COBE
Sloan
Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)
Radio and
TV signals – permanent patterns in Space - inertia
Casimir
and EIG – gravity within dense matter.
Letters to science magazines (not published)
Russian Dolls, implicate dimensions: With thanks to mad String Theorists. I am
alive, I exist. In DNA terms I may even be unique. I am as real as any test of
reality requires. I was just as
scientifically real as an embryo in my mother’s womb. I was partially but still
scientifically real as an unfertilised egg in my mother’s fallopian tubes/egg
sac. That half-me was just as
scientifically detectable inside my mother as an unfertilised egg in my
grandmother’s egg sac. The scale is already becoming so tiny as to defeat human
instruments – but the reality is logical. And we are only two generations (and
a couple of determined spermatozoa) back in the sequence – historically back to
about 1897. And so on into endless
regress – the Russian Dolls getting ever smaller but the “long body” that
results in me, in reality, is undeniable.
These many implicate dimensions seem to be analogous to the many (from
ten up to infinite) curled-up dimensions of String-Theorists.
Many Worlds – Multiverse – Probability:
However, in following the eggs, within eggs, within eggs, within eggs back to
Eve, we are conveniently ignoring the equally real existence of Adam and his spermatozoa
at each juncture. And now it gets really complicated for Adam was implicit in
his mother’s egg sac etc. as were his numberless male descendants in their
mother’s egg sacs. And many of these nameless mothers and fathers would have been
the same parents of many sons and daughters. (We are all linked). Because males
produce vast quantities of sperm, much of which is sinfully and biblically “spilled
on the ground”, my direct line of descent cannot be deduced by reference to
specific spermatozoa. So we enter the fields of probability. If a mathematician were unconsciously
grappling with this ancestoral complexity, he/she might start to spin out Other
Universes in which to accommodate all the possibilities, all the in-potentia,
unique persons or DNA that might have emerged in the present – in my
place. BUT, the reality is that I am
here, the probability fields and equations have collapsed and my unique DNA
rules – OK! So this ancestoral search, blending the maternal and paternal
probabilities, is analogous at any moment of fertilisation to the many
universes theorems of the Multiverse lobby.
Maybe.
As I have two daughters, from ova fertilized
40 and 37 years ago respectively, they now carry these probabilities and Russian
Dolls on to the next generations. As my DNA was passed on decades ago and yet I
still exist and persist, I am reminded of the joke about the tourist asking the
way in Ireland …after complicated up hill and down dale instructions the
Irishman says, “…and 3 miles before you get to the pub, turn right”. My DNA has already passed the turning three
miles back – but what about Time Dimensions and Dawkin’s Memes – for another
time perhaps.
So – here below we have the fact of a
holographic universe with representations in light at every possible scale and
every possible focal point of the whole universe, observed from different
angles. And above we have the fact of implicate multi-dimensions conjured by
String Theory and finally the many Universe/probability theory beloved by
Multiverse proponents.
The logic of the historic existence of me
in my Russian Dolls form and half-form is inescapable – back unto the Nth
generation. And I have absolutely no memory of those earlier forms of me and
can barely imagine them beyond the moment of my recent birth. However, the
scale of matter, atomic, particle etc, it seems would remain the same
throughout. If we reverse the process and look forward into my personal future –
is there an equally unimaginable dimension or dimensions ahead in time which
the essence of me might emerge into? This
is more than mere intellectual speculation as I have passed the age of 65 and
making my final turn for landing. Richard Dawkins – your comments on a postcard
please.
Needs more thought and synthesis - and we
must not omit the Hubble expansion. But at least I have got these notes down
before they drifted away to some other reality.
28 March 2008 - NB – From a recent New Scientist article I find I am a
Bohmian. The NS report explained the
double slit experiment Bohmian style as the (visible) light being a
carrier-wave and centre (particle or photon) – and it is the wave that creates
the characteristic shadows and light patterns.
However, even accepting this idea, the
essential mystery for me remains; how does energy convert to matter and how
does matter take and retain its form in a tumultuous universe (inertia).
A 5 minute look at articles about Bohm’s
holographic and wave theories give me confidence to now speculate:
Yes – the energy waves in the universe
extend as effectively-infinite spheres, which criss-cross at every point in the
universe (see paragraphs below). Thus large and minuscule holograms of the
universe are created on every scale and every location throughout the
space-time continuum. One paper on Bohm says he believed the material of the
human brain was also such a holographic organisation – and that therefore we
(some of us) can, in theory, access knowledge of the universe.
These carrier waves pulse and fill the
universe one moment then congregate at their centres as what we perceive as
particles. This makes, say a human eyeball, eye-crossingly complicated with
billions of particles expanding to the edge of the universe in wave form and
coalescing back to points (black-hole-like) while retaining a coherent,
relational and functioning form – but some such inertial mechanism must exist
to enable the eye to have its continuous existence and stability. And think of an infinite progression of future
human babies implicit in a single human egg – it is very complicated.
I think the inertial matrix of these
criss-cross energies, where every thing and non-thing are connected an infinite
number of times and locations, creates the stability and inform-ation that
confers form. We creations of this process can change the universal inertia by
feedback or reprocessing the energy - but only rarely – but shifts in the
energy patterns underlying our DNA are possible and we can and do adjust to our
energy-wave environment.
The HOW – how does matter emerge from the
energy field/s? still seems to me to give EIG a fighting chance of being one of
the ways of explaining the transition from energy fields to particles.
I’ll tidy this up next visit.
6 Feb 08 – NB – Do all primary particles
constantly fluctuate between point like and wave like states? Just as the
electric signals, electrons, along a telephone wire, such as an undersea cable,
create a magnetic field “at right angles to the wire” which then in turn
generates a current, which generates a field and so on, ad-infinitum, so do ALL
primary particles. What the electrons are doing is pulsing from a point
(particle) of matter to a globe (halo) of field energy (non-matter) and back
again to matter. In fact the definition of a primary particle must be that it
has this property, this pulse or flux. Photons, Electrons, Neutrinos, Quarks
etc and of course my primary fractals have this characteristic or capability.
This solves the wave-particle double-slit conundrum; the electron “shells”
surrounding the nucleus of an atom are fluctuating. Each outburst into a
globe-halo energy field fills the (extremely large) space of the energy
required to make that particle and, as it re-condenses, the space is
momentarily depleted of energy and is a void. To expand into a halo-globe the
energy must come into a contingent relationship with the existing all pervading
universal field and affect the whole field. Are all primary particles in effect
“tunnelling” at the speed of light through the wavelength-matrix of the
“Aether” (see Void 18 Jan 08 below) and to do this do they dissolve and re-condense
endlessly? IF electrons, photons, quarks etc are assemblies of my vortex
created fractals, then the halo-globe could be a cloud of fractals (still
matter) or could unwind back to pure energy. HOWEVER, the implications for
inertia – the power that (accurately) restores the status-quo – are fantastic
(is the universal field sensate?). –
Read more and re-visit and write-up.
(NB - This concept is NOT following the
Einstein thought-experiment that if the surface of, for example, the Earth is
expanding, that the upward or outward movement of the surface under our feet
would be indistinguishable from gravity; however valid that thought may be. Nor
is it String-Theory or Multiverse or
Curled-up-Hidden-Dimensions theory).
As the universe expands, as found by
Hubble, the omni-present electro-magnetic spectrum or light, the observable
boundary of the universe, and every imaginable sphere therein, attenuates at 2.304E-18% per second, and creates a
total (supra) or partial (super) vacuum. Light moves in to the vacuum – at the
speed of light – and in some zones or spheres the light waves collide or merge
at angles and at wave frequencies that reinforce the “speed” and cause
colliding waves to spin in a vortex, at perhaps 90 Billion Kilometres per
Second (KPS). This immense “speed”, C2, creates a surface between
the vortex and its surroundings, and a fractal of primary matter (perhaps a
Quark) is created or spun from the energy; following Einstein’s formula Energy=Matter
X Light-Speed Squared (E=MC2). All zones or spheres of every size, attenuating with the “quantum-pulse” of
expansion-and-pause, create the subtle and minuscule force of gravity –
everywhere.
The Hubble universe constantly
expands (all zones or spheres, some of which might be as small as the Planck
length, do not necessarily contract after expansion) and inrushing energy feeds
the spinning fractal. As in the vortex of a tornado, the spin draws in
surrounding energy leaving a depleted zone around the vortex-sphere. This third
vacuum, a surface-vacuum, attracts other fractals, while the constantly
expanding (Hubble expansion) spinning surface repels them. The dynamic thus
created between repulsive and attractive forces is the dynamic tension that
underlies all matter. At this pre-particle, fractal level no thing exists that
can interfere with the expanding and spinning vortex. Stability and permanence
and inertia are created by Hubble expansion. Dark matter, and its theoretic “extra”
gravity, may not be matter – but the temporary attenuation of the every part of
the field.
This event is the moment when energy
from the energy field (light) becomes matter. As it requires a great deal of
energy to make a small amount of matter, the immediate impact on the energy
field is to deplete or partially reduce the energy of the field. This reduction
of and locking-up of power in matter weakens the inter-attraction of the electro-magnetic
field, which then further expands. The more matter that is created the more the
field expands locally. Thus Dark Energy – the mysterious repulsive force - is
in fact the releasing of the brake as the field, which is or which contains the
universe, is depleted and its mutual attraction is weakened.
The rapidly spinning fractals thus
created, throughout the universe, may initially be spinning on any axis of
orientation, until their surface vacuums draw them together and from many
collisions they harmonise their spins.
Solo fractals may spontaneously unwind and revert to energy. Fractals in stable and mutually reinforcing
relationships may persist for long periods. I would like to explore the neat
thought that clumps of fractals (say Quarks) which are made of prime numbers of
fractals, persist.
A single fractal made or held in, say,
a single Planck sized sphere is in contingent relationship with all adjoining
(empty) spheres which are expanding-pausing with the quantum pulse. The solo
fractal may unwind – or be drawn in any direction at the speed of light into any
adjoining sphere, as it expands. Thus, to fit the Heisenberg Uncertainty
Principle, fractals of matter may appear and disappear, or may move in any
direction at any time – but, one can imagine a preferred direction being
created from sphere to sphere by the original orientation of the field – which
the fractal is likely to follow.
To complicate the calculation “quantum-expansion-pause”
arithmetic further, each (imaginary) Planck sphere is not only surrounded by
interpenetrating spheres of the same size, but each sphere is also at the
centre of an infinite (imaginary) set of
ever larger nested spheres, like Russian Dolls, expanding out to the extremity
of the universe. The calculations of the vacuum powers of these ever expanding
zones, of every size, are truly bewildering.
Professor Frank Close,
CLICK A descriptive overview. How EIG might operate
Is the Void - empty, matter-less space - empty? Frank Close
says it is not and I agree. I gather
that Professor Close contends that empty space is a seething ocean of quivering
zero-point-energies, short-lived quantum particles and energy fluctuations –
which mathematically can be demonstrated to cancel each other, indicating that
the entire universe emerged from nothing and nowhere.
I cannot disagree with the science, the reported findings
and interpretations from cyclotrons, or the mathematics; all of which are
entirely beyond me. But, it does seem that The Void as described is closely
skirting previous speculations about the Aether – an Aether which seems to come
and go with the fashions of physicists’ training and thought-experiments.
Space or The Void is not empty. Take an emptied, evacuated,
particle-free cube of any size and at any place in the known universe, erect a
screen or an aerial or a human eye ball and it will “see” or record the whole
of creation. How does it see the universe? The cube is criss-crossed by light
travelling from all the galaxies, stars, planets, comets, dust and magnetic
storms etc which are capable of emitting an electro-magnetic signal, beam,
wave, photon, electron or any other energy. In our cube, passively receiving
information from every direction in the form of wave-particles (light); as the
electromagnetic beams zip through the cube, say from north to south, they do so
in the same manner as electricity travels, generating magnetic-fields at
right-angles to their routes – which in turn re-create electric current at
right angles to the magnetic-fields.
Thus, our cube is literally criss-crossed with energy and,
astonishingly, the energy is coherent. This complex multi-directional
pre-matter matrix forms, I imagine, the inertia of the universe. The energy
(signals, information, wave-particles) persists, perseveres, retains discrete identity,
etc across 14 billion light-years, across trillions of other space cubes,
wriggling through potentially massively disrupting signals from quasars,
black-holes, supernova, whiffs of hydrogen, wisps of helium, TV soaps,
mobile-phones, human brain signals and a host of other universal events, and
can still be detected and accurately analysed when they reach Earth. Is this coherent, robust matrix anything
other than The Aether?
EIG posits that within such a matter-less cube – note that
the smaller the imagined cube the more wavelengths will be excluded from the
observing screens (Casimir) - the miracle of transforming energy to matter
occurs. A very large “volume” of energy spirals into a minute particle. This
precipitation is triggered by the ubiquitous Hubble Expansion, which extenuates
the field-forces, thus “cools” those energies, creates mass (primary-fractals,
quarks etc) which combine to form “the particle zoo” and ultimately form human
scale elements and molecules.
Dark Matter is the continual Hubble Expansion of every zone
(sphere or cube) of space – which we measure as background gravity.
Dark Energy (the expansive force) is the release of mutual
attraction in an energy field as matter precipitates from the energy (light).
The remaining energy attenuates and expands.
(Is there a reverse of this when matter reverts to energy, as in an
atomic explosion?)
Inertia (stable universe) is initially from the light-matrix
described in the imagined space-cubes, above.
Inertia of matter (and surfaces) result from the binding
forces between the EIG primary particles, as described in other paragraphs in
this paper.
Sorry, Richard Dawkins, but we still need God to kick-start
it all.
Are photons and electrons particles
or waves and what is the speed and direction of travel? EIG would explain this
at the Fractal level (a primary Fractal of matter) as waves of electromagnetic
energy being drawn to an expanding Planck sphere where it collides with another
incoming wave, spins and forms a Fractal which fills the vacuum and is then
drawn to another vacuum in a contingent expanding sphere. The second sphere can
be in any direction from the first. The just formed solo Fractal only
stabilises when it joins with other Fractals; alone it may remain as matter,
with a spinning surface, or it may unravel in sphere 2 and return to wave form.
Thus any observed Fractal may appear in one millisecond to be matter (a primary
particle) and in the next millisecond as energy – and it may travel with equal
facility in any direction. All this occurs at the speed of propagation of
light. “Quantum” is created as Fractals combine to form larger particles. These
conglomerations of Fractals rely on their surface vacuums to hold them
together. Small sets may be dissolved back to energy but larger sets may gain
or lose specific numbers of Fractals – creating the quantum effect.
Inflation of the
early universe, as reviewed in "Boomtime - NS, 3 March 07, by Peter
Coles" and Dark Energy as explored by Stuart Clarke in NS, 17 Feb 07,
might be explained if Hubble expansion and gravity are thought of as
opposite sides of the same coin. From the first moment of the Big
Bang an energy field containing the whole universe started to expand. This
matterless field, in which all zones were/are interconnected, as a field
has no parts, has a wave front. As the wave front advances it attenuates the
field, creating partial, momentary, Planck-sized vacuums that tug on
the field and check the advance of the wave front. Within some of
the Planck spheres energy collides and forms the first
particles of matter - I call them Fractals. The Hubble-Expansion of
the ubiquitous, momentarily attenuated, Planck spheres is the
basic power of gravity - and thus along with the non-radiating
material Fractals, is interpreted as Dark Matter. As Fractals (or
Quarks) are formed, they compress great amounts of energy (E=MC2) and thus
deplete the energy field, further attenuating the remaining
energy; causing first a brief vacuum-induced pause in the advance of
the wave front and then, as the matter-formation attenuation spreads
throughout the field, the binding strength of the remaining energy is
lessened and the wave front expands more rapidly. Thus Dark Energy, the
expansionary force or Einstein's Cosmological Constant, may
be the counter effect of Fractals of matter being formed,
locking away energy from the field - allowing the attenuated field to
accelerate. The Fractals are also centres of gravitation but behave
differently to gravity-like Planck-spheres in the energy-field.
In a very
small, early universe, compressed, cooling energy would, logically, precipitate more Fractals
than would a widespread field and would lock-up a significant amount of
the total energy. The sudden weakening of the binding forces of the
remaining field might account for rapid-inflation. I refer to this concept
on my website as EIG.
EIG came into being to attempt to account
for Dark Matter; hoping to avoid tangling with Dark Energy. But as Stuart Clark in New Scientist
describes Dark Energy as the biggest problem in cosmology (NS 17 FEB 07), it
will somehow have to be knitted into trying to build a Theory of Everything
such as EIG.
The Big-Bang still needs a God
factor to kick it into life from the original singularity, which miraculously
manifested in the No-Thing prior to Time & Space. Given that the fabric and
energy field of the universe then leapt into Hubble expansion and expanded into
the pre-existing No-Thing, EIG proposes that the expanding energy field had and
still has a wave front, which as it expands attenuates or stretches the
energy-field. This attenuation acts as a momentary brake on the expansion and,
as an energy field has no parts and is a continuum, the attenuation acts on all
zones of whatever size, simultaneously. At a quantum level, probably in spheres
of Planck size, the attenuation creates vacuums in the energy field, which is
the electro-magnetic or light field. It is these vast numbers of Planck zone
vacuums that we register as the force of gravity and as Dark Matter.
As light rushes in to fill the vacuums
and in rare instances makes a primary particle of matter – maybe a quark – the
process concentrates light from the surrounding field and locks it into matter.
E=MC2 informs us that a very large amount of light (energy) is
locked into a very tiny piece of material.
It is this continuous precipitation
of energy into matter at a quantum level which may be interpreted as Dark
Energy. Each particle of matter is a
massive amount of energy – permanently (as far as human time scales are concerned)
depleting the energy field – and locking into the store of material vast
numbers of minuscule, previously freely expanding, Planck Spheres of energy.
The energy field adjusts to the creation of matter by diluting the mass of the
non-material field. The combined affects of fewer Planck Spheres; which are no
longer expanding, creating vacuums and thus gravitational pull – together with
the depletion or dilution of the everywhere-connected energy-field, reduces the
moment by moment check on the out-rushing, expanding wave front. Thus the wave
front, the edge of the observable universe, will expand more quickly and
constantly accelerate. Thus Dark Energy is in fact the letting off of the
braking effect of gravity (vacuums) allowing the universe to more and more
respond to the original impetus that we read as Hubble Expansion. QED and QED.
The “expansive force” of Dark Energy
is also known as Quintessence (a neat label) and is Einstein’s Cosmological
Constant that he invented in his calculations to stop the then static
pre-Hubble universe from being crushed by its own gravity back into a
black-hole or singularity; and later, post Hubble, lamented as “my greatest
mistake”.
This EIG explanation of Dark Energy
seems to imply that the energy-field is finite – not infinite. But that needs
some more thought.
I need to calculate the partial
vacuum force created within a Planck sphere (or any sphere?) as it expands via
Hubble Expansion at 2.304E-18% per second;
and compare it with the Gravitational Constant applied to that sphere.
Notes:
Vacuums “Do not Suck” they allow particles to spread out.
Cellular
Automata theory, so far gets closest to my own picture of the fundamental
structure. Authors calculate a 3D sphere has 26 (presumabaly identical)
neighbours – how? Do these neighbours touch (or interpenetrate) the
focus-sphere?
Light
speed – is this constant a function of the (changing) size of the universe? It
seems to be as utterly fundamental to QED as to Relativity.
From: Noel
Hodson [
Sent: Friday, August 25, 2006 10:46 AM
To:
Subject: The Aether
Glenn Starkman's
search for the ether (Ether returns in bid to oust dark matter - NS 26 August
06) as a field force, "not of light" but as "something that
boosts gravitational pull" is interesting. Space-time and the universe
logically is something rather than nothing. 'Nothing' may have preceded the
universe. The most remote and empty spaces, wherever we may imagine placing a
telescope, detector or screen, are criss-crossed by field forces, including
electromagnetic radiation that we can, or may attempt to, interpret; from
hot-regions, cold-regions, galaxies, super-novae, stars, planets, NASA space
probes, mobile-phones, atoms, particles, molecules and Fred Hoyle's wandering
viruses. We can observe the whole universe, on our minuscule retinas, from any
point in the universe. In this sense every location is a holographic
representation of the whole**. The fact that the signals, weak and strong,
remain reasonably coherent across vast distances and billions of years is
astonishing but undeniable. Therefore any zone, a cube or sphere, in space,
however empty it may seem and of any scale, is perhaps "conditioned"
by such intersecting fields. Matching and intersecting wavelengths result in
blank spots. Such persistent intersections may be the underlying structure, or
ether, of the universe and the source of the inertia we experience in the
material universe. Given such a universal matrix - imagined as spheres of
Planck Length diameter - where intersections occur may be points in 'empty'
space at which fundamental particles of matter, quarks or photons, are created,
as a proportion of field waves collide rather than co-exist. The unexplained
given force that pulls the signals into collision - the God factor in this idea
- is Hubble expansion, which, in expanding and attenuating every zone in the
ether at 2.304E-18 percent per second
generates the extra gravity which
astrophysicists detect everywhere. Speculating on EIG (expansion is
gravity), the mathematics become fiendishly impossible as the (rare, new)
fundamental particle moves randomly into any neighbouring, expanding Planck
sphere, which are each themselves at the heart of a Russian Doll set of
expanding spheres, ultimately as large as the accelerating Hubble universe. If
the ether is resurrected by Starkman, and is a field, then as a field has no
parts, all regions of a field are connected, which may allow for 'spooky'
action at a distance.
**PS – 2 Oct 06
– Each holographic representation of the universe is in fact unique. Imagine a
10metre diameter screen on one side of the universe capturing all the
electromagnetic signals and thus displaying a picture of the entire (visible)
universe; then imagine another screen billions of light-years away on the
“other side” of the universe. The 2nd screen will also capture a
picture of the whole universe but the angles to objects will be quite
different. There will be two different pictures of the whole. Similarly, every
hologram will be different from every other – and thus unique. If each DNA
pattern were to be influenced by “The Stars” then those DNA patterns will also
be unique.
Noel Hodson
16
email noel@noelhodson.com
+44(0)1865 760994 Fax 769384
website www.noelhodson.com